CARBON DI OXIDE PRODUCTION FOR CARBONATED BEVERAGES

CARBON DIOXIDE PLANT (CO2 PLANT)

WHAT IS CO2?

In the seventeenth century, chemist Jan baptist van helmont observed that when he charcoal burned in A closed vessel and found only ash, why mass is gone of the original charcoal. This invisible substance he named A gas (CO2).
At atmospheric conditions, the CO2 is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas and therefore hard to detect, although a significant concentration in the air causes a biting sensation to nose, eyes, and mouth (T.L.V. at 5000 ppm).
Gaseous carbon dioxide is 11/2 times heavier than air.
The gas offers a sparkling feeling and a discount in tasted sweetness.

About CO2

Molecular weight 44.1
Density, gas at 0°C, 1.013 bar 1.977 [kg/m3]
Density, gas at -27°C, 16 bar (saturated) 40.8 [kg/m3]
Density, liquid at -27°, 16 bar 1062 [kg/m3]
The triple point at 5.2 bar -56.6 [°C]
Critical temperature 31.0 [°C]
Critical pressure 73.8 [bar]
Critical density 468 [kg/m3]

Source Of CO2

Combustion Engines
Chemical processes
Natural sources
Industrial Sources
Boiler and Turbines
Others

WHY IS CO2 PRODUCED

CO2 is used in the following industries:

Soft drink factories
Aviation
Fire fighting
Greenhouses for growing vegetables
Tobacco industry to make light cigarettes
Breweries
Welding apparatuses
Packing of foodstuffs

OBJECTIVES /PURPOSE

To Improve The Knowledge Of The CO2 Plant In General.
To Describe Generating Unit To Produce CO2.
To Produce The 99.99% Pure CO2 For Beverage Product.
To Utilize Other Purposes Of CO2

FLOW DIAGRAM OF CO2 PLANT

MAIN OPERATION OF CO2 PLANT

Soft drinks producers, the CO2 can be produced in two ways:

Via the combustion of fossil fuels (CBU)
Via extraction from existing gas sources (EBU)

Production of co2 is mainly occurred by the following operation:

DIFFERENT UNITS OF CO2 PRODUCTION

Burner /Flue Gas (Source)
Scrubber
Absorber
NOx Separator
Stripper
Water Scrubber
CO2 Compressor
Dehydrator
C- Filter
Liquefier
Storage

BURNER/BOILER

The burner or boiler provides the CO2 rich flue gas as well as heat needed for a stripper.

Flue gas: Natural gas (source gas) after burning is called flue gas.

COMPOSITION OF FLUE GAS

CO2
O2
CO
NO
NO2
SO2
SO3
H2O
FORMALDEHYDE
ACETALDEHYDE
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
PARTICLES AND OTHERS

SCRUBBER

In the flue gas scrubber is the flue gas cooled down and traces of sulfur and soot are removed. Water is circulated in the system. The heat is removed in the flue gas scrubber cooler using cooling water.

The water is led to the scrubber through a distributor at the top. The distributor ensures that the water is evenly distributed throughout the entire surface of the scrubber. The water trickles through the tower from above entering the tower packing, while the flue gas flows from the bottom to the top. At this counterflow, the heat and impurities are efficiently removed from the flue gas.

A small amount of soot and SO2 is scrubbed.

SO2 is removed.

pH 7 to pH 8 by adding a 10% solution of soda ash

ABSORBER

In the Absorber, absorb and remove CO2 from flue

❑ gas by absorption using MEA(Mono Ethanol Amine)

MEA + CO2 → MEA–CO2 → MEA(lean)+CO2

The amount of CO2 transported by MEA is

depending on 4 variable factors:

1. CO2-loading in the MEA from the absorber,

loading lye.

2. CO2-loading in the MEA from the stripper,

lean lye.

3. The flow rate of circulating MEA.

4. The MEA-concentration.

NOX SEPERATOR

In This Unit NO, NO2 Are Removed

STRIPPER

In MEA Heat Exchanger:

The cooled co2 rich MEA solution is preheated (before going to the stripper) and the hoot CO2 lean MEA solution is cooled (before going to absorber).

In the gas cooler: In this unit cools the co2 and condenses the excess steam from the stripper. In this unit, the co2 rich MEA solution is heated and stripped for co2.

WATER SCRUBBER

In this unit removes residual NOX and Aldehyde by potassium permanganate(K2MnO4).

COMPRESSOR

The co2 compresses by different two stages.

In this unit compresses the co2 from atmospheric pressure to 15~20 bar in two stages.

CONDENSER

The Dehydrator Removes Water Down To Less Than 10 ppm. The Dehydrator Is Re-generable By Means Of Electric Heating Elements And Waste Gas From The CO2 Condenser And Double Mounted To Allow Re-generation Of One Vessel While The Other Is In Operation.

ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

It removes any remaining smelling substances from the co2.

LIQUEFIER
It supplies to necessary cold to liquefy the CO2 at -250c and approximately 14 bar.

STORAGE

It is an insulated storage tank at A pressure of 15-20 bar and A temperature of -25~-20 0c.

Conclusion

Our CO2 plant provides us: 1) CO2 by both two methods of CBU and EBU.2) 99.99 % of CO2.3) 99.98 % safe & pure CO2 for beverage products.4) suitable for other purposes.